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托福閱讀分析:蘇美爾文明閱讀加試解析

來(lái)源:網(wǎng)友投稿 時(shí)間:2020-02-12

從以上四個(gè)詞匯題看出,我們?cè)诮獯疬@類題目時(shí),有以下幾個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)需要注意:首先,盡量在高亮詞匯出現(xiàn)的地方閱讀,利用上下文線索推敲快速找到該詞對(duì)應(yīng)意思,這樣可以節(jié)省時(shí)間。其次是如果發(fā)現(xiàn)該詞匯是熟詞就要注意區(qū)分是熟義還是生義,而上下文的解釋會(huì)很快幫助你正確判斷。最后,這樣的題目也可以按照閱讀課中我們已經(jīng)歸納的方法來(lái)解題。

 蘇美爾文明閱讀加試解析

  【試題】:蘇美爾文明

  【題源】:真題/加試/高頻

  【試題類型】:2005年10月12號(hào)加試,此后反復(fù)出現(xiàn)多次

  【試題剖析】:本文是托福網(wǎng)考之后的經(jīng)典加試閱讀題目,應(yīng)該可以作為我們研究新托福考試閱讀命題思路很好的利器之一。

  首先,這篇文章是屬于介紹型的文章,也就是在整個(gè)閱讀過(guò)程中并沒(méi)有要求過(guò)高的分析性閱讀。雖然文章的話題領(lǐng)域相對(duì)學(xué)術(shù),但是作為托??荚嚨目疾炷繕?biāo)——檢測(cè)學(xué)術(shù)背景下的閱讀理解能力,并不會(huì)要求考生對(duì)文章所涉及話題的專業(yè)知識(shí)有所涉獵。而從這篇講解人類文明史的文章來(lái)看,即使不能夠理解文章內(nèi)出現(xiàn)的“學(xué)術(shù)概念”也能通過(guò)閱讀的技巧和手段來(lái)解題?,F(xiàn)在就從這篇被ETS青睞有加的閱讀加試文章來(lái)看,我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)試題的以下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn),現(xiàn)舉例如下:

  1詞匯題熟詞熟義

  本篇閱讀的詞匯題為#1/#4/#7/#11四題,試題的形式是給出高亮詞匯,進(jìn)行詞義理解。這樣的題型屬于??碱},在網(wǎng)考的界面中具體詞匯出現(xiàn)的段落會(huì)在題目上方再次出現(xiàn),很多學(xué)生擔(dān)心的是否要全文理解或是全文跳讀掃讀才能解該類題,從實(shí)際的網(wǎng)考頁(yè)面可以得知利用這段文字的上下文來(lái)解題是可行、有效的。當(dāng)然從題目本身的角度出發(fā),此類題目可能是屬于(1)熟詞熟義,(2)熟詞生義,(3)生詞猜義等這樣幾個(gè)常見(jiàn)類型。

  例如#1就屬于“熟詞熟義”的類型,原題為:The word astonishing in the passage is closest in meaning to_______
  (A) important
  (B) unknown
  (C) amazing
  (D) interesting

  從備選項(xiàng)就可以直接判出答案,當(dāng)然作為整場(chǎng)考試的“熱身”題目,本題屬于比較容易的。

  然后看#4題。原題為:The word obscure in the passage is closest in meaning to____
  (A) unclear
  (B) unique
  (C) controversial
  (D) important

  如果我們的考生原本就在備考過(guò)程中多次接觸過(guò)obscure這個(gè)單詞的話,那么本題仍然屬于熟詞,因?yàn)檫@個(gè)詞匯是屬于托福詞匯范圍內(nèi)的,但是為了防止出現(xiàn)是熟詞生義的可能,我們現(xiàn)在還原試題原文如下:

  The origin of the Sumerians remains obscure. Their language is unrelated to any other known tongue. Sometimes before 4,000 B.C. they came to southern Mesopotamia, from Persia, and there, within the next thousand years, they founded a number of city-states and developed their distinctive form of writing in cuneiform (wedge-shaped) characters on clay tablets. ¢Unfortunately, the tangible remains of Sumerian civilization are extremely scanty compared to those of ancient Egypt. ¢Building stone being unavailable in Mesopotamia, the Sumerians used mud brick and wood, so that almost nothing is left of their architecture except the foundation. ¢Nor did they share the Egyptians’ concern with the hereafter, although some richly endowed tombs in the shape of vaulted chambers below ground from the early dynastic period have been found in the city of Ur. ¢Our knowledge of Sumerian Civilization thus depends very largely on chance fragments brought to light by excavation, including vast numbers of inscribed clay tablets. Yet we have learned enough to form a general picture of this vigorous, inventive, and disciplined people.

  根據(jù)該詞出現(xiàn)的那句話就可以得知這里講述的是“蘇美爾人的起源仍然不清。他們的語(yǔ)言和其他任何已知語(yǔ)言無(wú)關(guān)。他們大約在公元前4000年從波斯來(lái)到美索不達(dá)米亞平原南部,從此在那里以后的數(shù)千年中,他們建立了許多城邦并且形成了他們與眾不同的梭形文字。如果對(duì)于該詞不認(rèn)識(shí)的也可以從后文的unrelated to any other known tongue的否定表達(dá)知道,前面的詞應(yīng)該是負(fù)向的,后面的unfortunately一段我們可以再次印證這里的表達(dá)是負(fù)向的,因?yàn)槲恼抡f(shuō)我們對(duì)蘇美爾文明的了解只能靠考古發(fā)掘,從而我們也可放心這個(gè)單詞的理解是正確的。由此可見(jiàn),本題仍是熟詞熟義。

 第7題:The word vast in the passage is closest in meaning to_________
  (A) random
  (B) very large
  (C) surprising
  (D) relatively small

  這題就是很容易的“熟詞熟義”,根據(jù)上下文就可以判斷選B。

  第11題仍然是熟詞熟義,所以很容易選出答案A。原文:The temple controlled the pooling of labor and resources for communal enterprises, such as the building of dikes or irrigation ditches, and it collected and distributed a considerable part of the harvest. All this required the keeping of detailed written records. Hence, we need not be surprised to find that the texts of early Sumerian inscriptions deal very largely with economic and administrative rather than religious matters, although writing was a priestly privilege.

  #11 The word considerable in the passage is closest in meaning to_________
  (A) substantial
  (B) fixed
  (C) valuable
  (D) limited

  從以上四個(gè)詞匯題看出,我們?cè)诮獯疬@類題目時(shí),有以下幾個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)需要注意:首先,盡量在高亮詞匯出現(xiàn)的地方閱讀,利用上下文線索推敲快速找到該詞對(duì)應(yīng)意思,這樣可以節(jié)省時(shí)間。其次是如果發(fā)現(xiàn)該詞匯是熟詞就要注意區(qū)分是熟義還是生義,而上下文的解釋會(huì)很快幫助你正確判斷。最后,這樣的題目也可以按照閱讀課中我們已經(jīng)歸納的方法來(lái)解題。


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