考試輔導(dǎo)：職稱英語語法詳解-倒裝

　 謂語動(dòng)詞放在主語之前的這種語法現(xiàn)象稱為倒裝。從倒裝的形式來看，可分為全部倒裝(full inversion)和部分倒裝(partial inversion)兩種。前者是指整個(gè)謂語置于主語之前，而后者僅是指助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或be 動(dòng)詞等功能置于主語這前。

　　引起倒裝的情況多種多樣，倒裝的表現(xiàn)形式大體有下列幾種：

　　1．在疑問句中

　　例1：How are you getting along with your work?

　　例2：Is this report written in detail?

　　注：如疑問詞作主語或者作定語修飾主語時(shí)，不發(fā)生倒裝。

　　2．在there be 及其類似結(jié)構(gòu)中

　　例1：There are forty students in our class.

　　例2：There seem to be still some elements undiscovered yet.

　　例3：There stands a bridge across the river.

　　3．在表示祝愿的句子中

　　例1：Long live the People’s Republic of China!

　　例2：May you succeed!

　　例3：Dog-tired though they were, they continued to march on.

　　4．在省略if 的虛擬語氣條件狀語從句中

　　這類句子中有were, had, should等詞時(shí)，把were, had或should置于句首。

　　例1：Were there no air or water, there would be no life in the world.

　　例2：Had you been more careful, such spelling mistakes might have been avoided.

　　5．在so, nor, neither或no more開頭的句子中

　　此類句子通常表示前面一句話中的謂語所說明的情況，也適用于另一句中的主語。例如：

　　1）This problem is not difficult and neither is that one.ｗ.com

　　2）Coal is under the ground in some places, and so is oil.

　　6．在以具有否定意義的副詞、連詞及詞組開頭的句子中

　　這些詞和詞組通常有：rarely, never, scarcely, no sooner, little, few, hardly, seldom, at no time, in no way, on no account, nowhere, nobody, not only等。例如：

　　1）Visit our stores. Nowhere else will you find such magnificent bargains.

　　2）Hardly had he finished his work when the telephone rang.

　　3）Not only did he complain about the food, he also refused to pay for it.

　　4）Little did we think his speech had made so deep an impression on his audience.

　　7．在強(qiáng)調(diào)表語時(shí)

　　例1：Worst of all were the humiliations.

　　例2：Such is the case.