非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
動(dòng)名詞
1.定義:動(dòng)名詞是由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換而成的名詞性結(jié)構(gòu),其構(gòu)成的形式是在動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞后面加上ing
2.動(dòng)能:
動(dòng)名詞(或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ))在句中起名詞的作用,可用作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)(動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ))和定語(yǔ)等。
1.作主語(yǔ)
e.g.Swimming is never as fast as running./游泳永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)像跑那么快。
e.g.Talking about it is no use./談?wù)摯耸虏o(wú)用處。
2.作表語(yǔ)
e.g.Our duty is programming the computer./我們的任務(wù)是編計(jì)算機(jī)程序。
3.作賓語(yǔ)(動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ))
e.g.They began studying psychology last week./他們上周開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)心理學(xué)了。
e.g.Would you mind waiting for a moment?/請(qǐng)等一會(huì)兒好嗎?
4.作定語(yǔ)
e.g·These dialogues may be used as listening materials.(=materials for listening)/這些對(duì)話可用作聽(tīng)力材料。
3.考點(diǎn):
動(dòng)名詞在職稱英語(yǔ)中往往不是不直接進(jìn)行考察,而是把動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)放在英語(yǔ)的句子中,然后考察考生對(duì)句含動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)的這個(gè)句子的句意的準(zhǔn)確了解。所以,考生在復(fù)習(xí)中主要需要弄清楚動(dòng)名詞在英語(yǔ)句子中的四種語(yǔ)能。
4.與分詞的區(qū)別:定語(yǔ)
現(xiàn)在分詞由原形動(dòng)詞+ing構(gòu)成,如designing,leaving,stopping等現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作,或表示現(xiàn)狀。由此可見(jiàn)現(xiàn)在分詞與動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)在“形”上相似??忌枰軈^(qū)分現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)和動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)的情況。
Give the note to theloudly-speaking(現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ))man/請(qǐng)把便條交給坐在正在高聲說(shuō)話的人。
I,d like t0 buy a washing(動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ))maching.(a machine for washing)/我想要一臺(tái)洗衣機(jī)。
小結(jié):動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)往往表示所修飾的名詞的功能/用語(yǔ),現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。
5.常接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞:
acknowledge,advocate,anticipate,appreciate,advise,avoid,admit,consider,delay,deny,dislike,enioy,escape,excuse,fancy,favor,finish,f10rgive,imagine,include,involve,justify,keep,mind,miss,pardon,practice,postpone,permit,report,resent,resume,risk,resist,suggest,tolerate
6.動(dòng)名詞的習(xí)慣用法:
be busy/active doinz sth.
句型:have difficulty/trouble/problems/struggle(in)doing sth.
It's no good/use doing sth.
have a good/hard/difficuh time doing sth.
spend/waste time doing sth.There is no point/sense/harm/use/good(in)doing sth.
cannot help doing sth.There is no use doing sth.
不定式
1.單個(gè)不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)的形式,但是并列的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù),如:
T0 go to school(主語(yǔ))is his dream.上學(xué)是他的夢(mèng)想。
To go to school and to stay away from his cruel father(并列主語(yǔ))ale were what he expected-他期望能去上學(xué),遠(yuǎn)離他殘忍的父親。