每年都有很多同學(xué)申請去美國留學(xué),很多初次接觸考試的學(xué)生總是非常擔(dān)心寫作的綜合寫作部分,也就是我們說的小作文。他們常提出這樣的疑問:“怎么考得這么變態(tài)啊?讀了又聽再寫!”其實(shí)大家完全不必為此如此焦慮,等看完下面的文章,讀完下面的四大必殺技,我相信你一定會(huì)豁然開朗!
每年都有很多同學(xué)申請去美國留學(xué),很多初次接觸考試的學(xué)生總是非常擔(dān)心寫作的綜合寫作部分,也就是我們說的小作文。他們常提出這樣的疑問:“怎么考得這么變態(tài)啊?讀了又聽再寫!”其實(shí)大家完全不必為此如此焦慮,等看完下面的文章,讀完下面的四大必殺技,我相信你一定會(huì)豁然開朗!
首先,summarize,也就是概括閱讀和聽力文章的主要內(nèi)容和各三個(gè)分論點(diǎn)。
這其實(shí)就是Introduction要寫的內(nèi)容,掌握了概括,第一段就不成問題咯!
其次,Paraphrase,也就是改寫。掌握好了改寫句子,你寫起文章來將會(huì)感覺到如魚得水,游刃有余。改寫其實(shí)主要有下面的兩種方法:
第*,使用不同的詞匯
a.使用同義詞,比如以下的一些寫作高頻詞匯的同義詞,你一定要掌握,出現(xiàn)的尤為頻繁。
important→essential, crucial, vital, significant,
think→claim,believe, consider, deem, figure out
nowadays→currently, at present, now, recently, in recent years,these days
b.改變詞性,這是一種稍微難一些的方法,要求你的語法基礎(chǔ)非常好,你才能靈活自如的運(yùn)用。
n. → v.
Eg:When we lookat a comparison between A and B…
When we compareA and B…
Adj. → n.
There are avariety of solutions to the problem.
There arevarious solutions to the problem.
c.使用不同的承接詞。承接詞在文章當(dāng)中的使用相當(dāng)頻繁,不僅是段落和段落的連接,還包括句子和句子的連接。背住一些常用的承接詞比你的改寫將會(huì)有極大的作用。
because of → dueto, owing to, because, as, since, for
but → however,nevertheless, nonetheless, whereas
so → therefore,hence, thus, consequently
d.形容詞的逆向表達(dá)。在某些形容詞上進(jìn)行修改,會(huì)達(dá)到非比尋常的效果。
Eg: not as easyas…→more difficult than…
Notuncommon→common
The cheapest →the least expensive
第二,使用不同的句型
a.改變詞序。這是非常簡單的一種方法,完全不用動(dòng)腦筋就可以進(jìn)行改寫。常常將句子中的狀語(包括狀語從句)換位置。
Eg: For manyyears, people have believed ….
→Peoplebelieved… for many years.
After thisprograms has been solved, work on …can continue.
b.主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的互相替換Eg: Trained scientists performed this research.
→This researchwas performed by trained scientists.
c. 使用“there be”句型,可以將一個(gè)簡單句,馬上變成一個(gè)加入定語從句或者分詞的復(fù)雜句。Eg: Several computer programs canbe used to solve this problem.
→There areseveral computer programs that can be used to solve thisproblem.或There are several computer programs used to solve thisproblem.
d.定語從句,分詞和插入語的互相替換
Eg: Study…,conducted by sociologists in 2004, shows that…
→Study…, whichwas conducted by sociologists in 2004, shows that…
Eg: This…, whichis one of the most powerful …in the world, has…
→This…, one ofthe most powerful… in the world, has…
接下來,Cite,即引用。綜合寫作乃客觀寫作,只是一個(gè)旁觀者的角度對這兩篇文章的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行描述,因此,某觀點(diǎn)是出自哪篇文章一定要說清楚。所以,下面的這些句型在綜合寫作中必不可缺。
a.Accordingto+noun.
Eg: According tothe passage/lecture/author/professor,…
b.Subject+verbsof reporting +that clause
Eg: The authortells/reports/suggests/explains/says/argues/states/indicates/claims/pointsout/thinks/believes that…
或The speakeragrees/disagrees/rejects/disputes/challenges/takes a differentview….
c. As isindicated/displayed/illustrated in the passage/lecture,...
最后,Synthesize,也就是連接。具體來講,就是承接詞的使用是相當(dāng)重要的,將文章當(dāng)中的重要信息連接起來,體現(xiàn)作者對于兩篇文章的理解正確,說明作者的思路清楚。由于綜合寫作是對兩篇文章的比較,所以下面表對比和遞進(jìn)的承接詞使用的最頻繁。
a.Transitionalwords showing contrast: however, on the other hand, in contrast, onthe contrary
b.Transitionalwords showing addition: moreover, furthermore, in addition,besides, as well
現(xiàn)在,是不是感覺清晰很多了呢?也沒有那么懼怕綜合寫作了呢?我相信,只要你掌握了上述四大技巧,綜合寫作對你來說將不再是個(gè)難以跨越的關(guān)口。