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考試輔導(dǎo):職稱英語語法之定語從句要點(diǎn)

來源:網(wǎng)友投稿 時(shí)間:2020-03-16

考試輔導(dǎo):職稱英語語法之定語從句要點(diǎn)

用來說明主句中某一名詞或代詞(有時(shí)也可說明整個(gè)主句或主句中一部分)而起定語作用的句子叫作定語從句。

  一.詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

  1. 關(guān)系代詞用來指代先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞

  句子成分  用于限制從句或非限制性從句   只用于限制性從句

  代替人    代替物      代替人或物

  主語  Who        which        that

  主語  Whom       which        that

  賓語  Whose(=of whom)  whose(=of which)

  例1:This is the detective who came from London.

  例2:The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.

  例3:The desk whose leg is broken is very old.

  例4:This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.

 ?。玻P(guān)系代詞的用法

  (1) 如果先行詞是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代詞,關(guān)系代詞一般只用that,不用which。例如:

  All the people that are present burst into tears.

  (2) 如果先等詞被形容詞最高級(jí)以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等詞修飾,關(guān)系代詞常用that,不用which, who,或whom。例如:

  (3) 非限制性定語從句中,不能用關(guān)系代詞that,作賓語用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。例如:

  There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated.

  (4) which還有一種特殊用法,它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句,代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中,which可以作主語,也可以作賓語或表語,多數(shù)情況下意思是與and this 相似,并可以指人。例如:

  He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.

  (5) that可指人或物,在從句中作表語,(指人作主語時(shí)多用who)僅用于限制性定語從句中。

  (6) which可作表語,既可指人,以可指物。指人時(shí),一般指從事某種職業(yè)或是有種特征.品性或才能的人。Which引導(dǎo)的定語從句可以限制性的,也可以是非限制性的。

  (7) 如果作先作詞的集體名詞著眼于集體的整體,關(guān)系代詞用which;若是指集體中的各個(gè)成員,則用who。

  (8) 先行詞有兩個(gè),一個(gè)指人,一個(gè)指物,關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用that。例如:

  The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.

  (9) 如果先行詞是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用 who 或whom,不用 which。例如:

  Is there anyone here who will go with you?

  3.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞“是一個(gè)普遍使用的結(jié)構(gòu)

  (1) “介詞+關(guān)系代詞“可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句?!敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞“結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等,關(guān)系代詞只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。

  (2) from where為“介詞+關(guān)系副詞“結(jié)構(gòu),但也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句。例如:

  We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town..

  (3) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短語動(dòng)詞,在定語從句中一般不宜將介詞與動(dòng)詞分開。例如:

  This is the boy whom she has taken care of.

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