職稱英語考試重要語法詳解（一）

語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式,它表示主語和謂語的關(guān)系.語態(tài)有兩種:主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài).如果主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,或者是說動(dòng)作是由主語完成的,要用主動(dòng)語態(tài);如果主語是動(dòng)作的承受者,或者是說動(dòng)作不是由主語而是由其他人完成的,則用被動(dòng)語態(tài).
　 被動(dòng)語態(tài)考點(diǎn)聚焦
(一)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的概念:
　 不知道或沒必要提到動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰時(shí)用被動(dòng)語態(tài).強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)(by短語有時(shí)可以省略).
(二)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成方式:
be + 過去分詞,口語只也有用get / become + 過去分詞表示.
(三)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本用法:
　 (1)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題.
　 ①主動(dòng)變化被動(dòng)時(shí)雙賓語的變化.看下列例句.
　 My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.
　 An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.
　 I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.
　 ②主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)時(shí),賓補(bǔ)成主補(bǔ)(位置不變);(作補(bǔ)語的)不定式前需加to.
　 The boss made him work all day long.
　 He was made to work all day long(by the boss)
③短語動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),勿要掉"尾巴".
The children were taken good care of (by her).
　 Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.
　 ④情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等結(jié)構(gòu)變被動(dòng)語態(tài), 只需將它們后面的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閎e +過去分詞.
⑤當(dāng)句子的謂語為say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等時(shí),被動(dòng)語態(tài)有兩種形式:(A)謂語動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)語態(tài),動(dòng)詞不定式作主補(bǔ).(B)用it作形式主語,真正的主語在后面用主語在后面用主語從句來表示.如:
People say he is a smart boy.
　 It is said that he is a smart boy.
　 He is said to be a smart boy.
People know paper was made in China first.
　 It is known that paper was made in China first.
　 Paper was known to be made in China first.
　 類似句型有:It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that …